Minimally Invasive Treatment for Joint-Related Pain
Arthrocentesis is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
It is designed to relieve pain and improve jaw movement by washing out the joint and reducing inflammation.
When Arthrocentesis Is Considered
Arthrocentesis is used for joint-related (intra-articular) TMJ conditions, particularly where symptoms have not responded to conservative treatment.
It may be appropriate if you have:
- Persistent TMJ pain
- Limited mouth opening (closed lock)
- Clicking or locking of the jaw
- Joint stiffness or dysfunction
- Symptoms not improved with splints, physiotherapy, or medication
This procedure is not used for muscle-related (myogenic) pain, which requires a different approach.
How Arthrocentesis Works
The TMJ is a small joint containing fluid and a soft disc that allows smooth movement.
In certain conditions, this system becomes:
- Inflamed
- Restricted
- Mechanically obstructed
Arthrocentesis works by:
- Flushing the joint with sterile fluid
- Removing inflammatory mediators
- Releasing adhesions within the joint space
- Improving joint lubrication and movement
The result is often reduced pain and improved function.
The Procedure
Arthrocentesis is typically performed under local anaesthetic, with or without sedation.
- Small needles are placed into the joint space
- Fluid is introduced and gently circulated
- The joint is distended and irrigated
- In some cases, medication may be introduced into the joint
The procedure is quick and does not involve incisions or open surgery.
Recovery
Recovery is usually straightforward.
- Mild discomfort or swelling may occur for a short period
- Jaw movement typically improves progressively
- Normal activities can usually be resumed quickly
Patients are often guided to perform gentle jaw exercises following the procedure.
Results
Arthrocentesis can lead to:
- Reduction in joint pain
- Increased range of mouth opening
- Improved jaw function
- Decreased joint locking or catching
Outcomes depend on the underlying condition and stage of disease.
Risks and Complications
Arthrocentesis is generally safe, but potential risks include:
- Temporary discomfort or swelling
- Minor bleeding
- Infection (rare)
- Temporary change in bite or jaw movement
- Limited or incomplete symptom improvement
Serious complications are uncommon, particularly with careful technique.
Specialist Assessment and Treatment
Accurate diagnosis is essential in TMJ disorders, as treatment depends on whether symptoms arise from the joint or the surrounding muscles.
As a dual-qualified (medical and dental) Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon, care is guided by:
- Detailed understanding of TMJ anatomy and function
- Ability to distinguish between intra-articular and myogenic conditions
- Experience in both non-surgical and surgical TMJ management
This allows for:
- Appropriate selection of patients for arthrocentesis
- Avoidance of ineffective or unnecessary procedures
- Integration into a structured, stepwise treatment pathway
A Structured Approach to TMJ Treatment
Arthrocentesis sits within a graduated treatment pathway.
We prioritise:
- Conservative measures (splints, physiotherapy, medication)
- Targeted interventions where required
- Minimally invasive procedures such as arthrocentesis
- More invasive procedures only where necessary
This ensures treatment remains proportionate and appropriate.
Consultation
A detailed consultation allows assessment of your symptoms, examination of jaw function, and identification of the underlying cause.
Book a Consultation
For assessment and treatment of TMJ disorders, including arthrocentesis, arrange a consultation to discuss your symptoms and options.